Isaiah 1:1 says that the book is the vision that Isaiah saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah (790-739 BC), Jotham (750-735 BC), Ahaz (735-715 BC) and Hezekiah (715-786 BC). Although not mentioned there, he is thought to have lived for a while under Manasseh, Hezekiah's wicked son who killed him. Tradition says that Isaiah was placed in a log and sawn asunder as is mentioned in
Hebrews 11:37.
2 Chronicles chapter 26 tells about Uzziah who was a good king but who decided he wanted to be a priest also and God smote him with leprosy. He spent the last years of his life isolated in a leper house and his son Jotham ruled in his place and then for a couple of years after he died. 2 Chronicles chapter 27 speaks of Jotham's rule.
Isaiah received his call in Isaiah chapter 6 in the year that Uzziah died. He realized the earthly king was dead but God showed him that He was still on the throne.
Next king was Ahaz. His rule is described in
2 Chronicles 28. Things were terrible. He made alliances with enemies around them. He copied the worship and ungodliness of those around him. He more or less closed the house of God. Probably most of the gloom and doom of the book of Isaiah was written about this great spiritual low. There are glimmers of hope like chapter 2 (the future kingdom), chapter 7 (the virgin birth prophesied), chapter 9 (the Son of God prophesied) and chapter 11 (the coming of the son of David as king), chapter 12 (salvation, wells of living water), etc. It is my opinion that chapter 5 refers to the ungodliness under Ahaz and prophecy about coming judgment.In later chapters you see king Hezekiah coming into power (probably Isaiah's cousin) and the revival under Hezekiah, the attack of Assyria and how the prayers of Hezekiah and Isaiah brought victory. We also see Hezekiah's miraculous healing in Isaiah chapter 38. Chapter 40 and onward refer mostly to the Servant of God (Jesus), His suffering, and then rule over the earth.