That's an interesting theory. I've always had difficulty with the idea of God killing Job's children, and then giving him more. To me, it wouldn't matter how many more children I had, children are not replaceable.
These verses, though, makes it seem as though he had 'different' children, because it talks about him naming them:
12And the LORD blessed(Q) the latter days of Job more than his beginning. And he had(R) 14,000 sheep, 6,000 camels, 1,000 yoke of oxen, and 1,000 female donkeys. 13He had also(S) seven sons and three daughters. 14And he called the name of the first daughter Jemimah, and the name of the second Keziah, and the name of the third Keren-happuch. 15And in all the land there were no women so beautiful as Job’s daughters. And their father gave them an inheritance(T) among their brothers. 16And after this Job lived 140 years, and(U) saw his sons, and his sons’ sons, four generations. 17And Job died, an old man, and(V) full of days.
Doesn't necessarily refute your theory, just interesting wording.
What about his property losses? It was a messenger that told of those losses, too, right?
Or maybe the whole story is a parable.
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Hebrews 13:23 Know ye that our brother Timothy is set at liberty
Timmy 
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